TABLE 3:  Employment Characteristics of Legal and Illegal Workers, by Age

		
		


|                                                               |  Age 15         |  Age 16-17       |  Age 18-24  Age 25-64    |
|                                                               |  Legal  Illegal |  Legal  Illegal  |                          |
|                                                               |   (1)     (2)   |   (3)     (4)    |    (5)         (6)       |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|Usual weekly hours     Mean                                    |   13.0    24.9  |   19.8    24.4   |    35.4        41.5      |
|                       1-18                                    |  78.4%   19.7%  |  48.3%   33.9%   |    9.8%        3.3%      |
|                       19-25                                   |  11.2%   49.6%  |  30.5%   28.1%   |   20.7%        4.8%      |
|                       26-40                                   |   9.4%   23.7%  |  18.9%   32.7%   |   54.6%       63.4%      |
|                       41+                                     |   1.0%    7.1%  |   2.3%    5.4%   |   14.9%       28.6%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|Hourly pay             Mean                                    |  $5.24   $5.08  |  $5.44   $6.00   |   $7.70      $14.16      |
|                        (s.e.)                                 | (0.20)  (0.28)  | (0.06)  (0.19)   |  (0.02)      (0.02)      |
|                       Median                                  |  $4.75   $5.00  |  $5.00   $5.30   |   $6.76      $12.00      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|Weekly pay             Mean                                    |    $62    $127  |   $101    $137   |    $267        $577      |
|                        (s.e.)                                 |  (1.5)   (8.9)  |  (0.8)   (8.4)   |   (0.8)       (0.7)      |
|                       Median                                  |    $50    $100  |    $88    $115   |    $240        $480      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|Occupation             Mgt./professional/technical             |   3.4%    2.4%  |   3.3%    0.0%   |   17.2%       39.1%      |
|                       Sales                                   |  15.7%   12.7%  |  26.4%    0.6%   |   14.2%        7.1%      |
|                       Administrative support                  |   6.6%    4.5%  |   8.0%    0.7%   |   16.1%       14.5%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|                       Private household services              |  13.0%    3.7%  |   2.4%    0.0%   |    0.9%        0.5%      |
|                       Food preparation/services               |  20.3%   19.3%  |  28.5%    0.7%   |   11.3%        3.1%      |
|                       Other service                           |  13.9%    7.8%  |   9.3%    4.9%   |    9.5%        8.0%      |
|                       Farming, forestry, fishing              |  17.9%    1.4%  |   6.0%    4.2%   |    3.1%        2.5%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|                       Precision production, craft, repair     |   0.6%    8.7%  |   2.0%   24.1%   |    8.5%       11.6%      |
|                       Operators, fabricators                  |   0.1%   14.7%  |   1.3%   14.3%   |    6.9%        6.4%      |
|                       Transportation, material moving         |   0.1%    2.6%  |   0.2%   45.8%   |    3.4%        4.3%      |
|                       Helpers and laborers                    |   8.5%   22.3%  |  12.8%    4.7%   |    8.9%        3.1%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|Industry               Agriculture, forestry, fisheries        |  14.9%    0.8%  |   5.1%    2.7%   |    2.9%        2.5%      |
|                       Mining                                  |   0.0%    0.0%  |   0.1%    0.6%   |    0.3%        0.5%      |
|                       Construction                            |   0.8%   19.7%  |   2.3%   12.0%   |    5.8%        6.5%      |
|                       Manufacturing                           |   6.4%   10.8%  |   3.0%   22.0%   |   12.5%       17.4%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|                       Transportation                          |   0.5%    0.8%  |   0.5%    1.5%   |    3.0%        4.9%      |
|                       Communications, utilities               |   0.3%    0.0%  |   0.3%    0.0%   |    1.4%        2.8%      |
|                       Wholesale and retail trade              |  35.6%   38.4%  |  62.3%   51.9%   |   36.1%       17.4%      |
|                       Finance, insurance, real estate         |   1.0%    1.6%  |   1.4%    0.9%   |    4.8%        6.7%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|                       Private household services              |  15.0%    3.9%  |   2.7%    0.1%   |    1.0%        0.6%      |
|                       Other personal services                 |   3.2%    3.9%  |   2.4%    0.9%   |    3.2%        2.6%      |
|                       Other services                          |  21.6%   19.0%  |  19.5%    7.6%   |   27.4%       32.8%      |
|                       Public administration                   |   0.7%    1.0%  |   0.5%    0.0%   |    1.7%        5.2%      |
|                                                               |                 |                  |                          |
|Sample size for hours, occupation, industry*                   |   7691     881  |  44095     665   |   58419      415089      |
|Sample size for hourly and weekly pay*                         |   1623     205  |  10396     153   |   58419      415089      |

^ Difference between legal and illegal categories is not significant at 95% level.  All other differences are significant at the 95% level.
* The samples for 15-17-year-olds include all who have employment in a full monthly sample between 1/95 and 9/97,
  while the samples for those age 18+ include only those employed in the outgoing rotation groups over that period.